Declarative service domain federation

ABSTRACT

A mechanism for declarative service domain federation uses a declarative approach to both the visibility aspect and the management aspect of service domain federation. Instead of manually exporting services, that is, selecting individual services from source domains to be visible in the target domain, using the present system, a federation architect uses a federation console to specify federation intent. The federation intent may include federation rule, query-based service group, and quality-of-service (QoS) policy. Based on the declared federation intent, a planning engine resolves the individual services based on the group query, generates the service visibility configuration, and creates the necessary service proxies and/or mediation objects to satisfy the goal. At runtime, a service monitor collects the performance metrics of federated services and dynamically adjusts the mediation/proxy configurations to maintain the QoS objectives specified by the federation architect.

BACKGROUND

The present application relates generally to an improved data processingapparatus and method and more specifically to mechanisms for declarativeservice domain federation.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a flexible set of designprinciples used during the phases of systems development and integrationin computing. A system based on a SOA will package functionality as asuite of interoperable services that can be used within multipleseparate systems from several business domains, SOA also generallyprovides a way for consumers of services, such as Web-basedapplications, to be aware of available SOA-based services. For example,several disparate departments within a company may develop and deploySOA services in different implementation languages; their respectiveclients will benefit from a well understood, well defined interface toaccess them.

Service-orientation requires loose coupling of services with operatingsystems, and other technologies that underlies applications. SOAseparates functions into distinct units, or services, which developersmake accessible over a network in order to allow users to combine andreuse them in the production of applications. These services and theircorresponding consumers communicate with each other by passing data in awell-defined, shared format, or by coordinating an activity between twoor more services.

SOA has seen rapid adoption in enterprise computing. One main advantageof SOA is service reuse. This is enabled through connectivity betweenservice consumers and service providers. Connectivity middleware such asEnterprise Service Bus (ESB) provides four basic principles ofconnectivity: visibility, management, security, and governance.

Traditionally, the deployment of SOA has started with individualbusiness units. The services with a particular business unit, theassociated connectivity middleware, and necessary service registry andrepository form what is called a service domain. The incremental natureof SOA adoption typically results in islands of service domains that arenot connected. To enable greater service reuse and to scale up the SOAscope, it is highly desirable to have federated connectivity among theservice domains. A federated service domain effectively connects theseislands of SOA together to form an enterprise-spanning SOA.

SUMMARY

In one illustrative embodiment, a method, in a federation server dataprocessing system, for declarative service domain federation comprisesreceiving, in a planning engine of the federation server data processingsystem, one or more federation rules, one or more quality-of-servicepolicies, and one or more service group definitions. The method furthercomprises identifying, by the planning engine, a set of services basedon the service group definition. The method further comprisesgenerating, by the planning engine, a service visibility configurationand one or more service proxies based on the federation rule and thequality-of-service policy. The method further comprises deploying, bythe federation server, the visibility configuration to one or moreservice domains comprising the individual services. The method furthercomprises deploying, by the federation server, the one or more serviceproxies to connectivity middleware of the one or more service domains.

In other illustrative embodiments, a computer program product comprisinga computer useable or readable medium having a computer readable programis provided. The computer readable program, when executed on a computingdevice, causes the computing device to perform various ones, andcombinations of, the operations outlined above with regard to the methodillustrative embodiment.

In yet another illustrative embodiment, a system/apparatus is provided.The system/apparatus may comprise one or more processors and a memorycoupled to the one or more processors. The memory may compriseinstructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, causethe one or more processors to perform various ones, and combinations of,the operations outlined above with regard to the method illustrativeembodiment.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will bedescribed in, or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in theart in view of, the following detailed description of the exampleembodiments of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectivesand advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to thefollowing detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a pictorial representation of an example distributed dataprocessing system in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments maybe implemented;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example data processing system in whichaspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a federation of service domains usingservice oriented architecture (SOA) in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an overall architecture forservice domain federation in accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating operation of a planning enginefor performing service domain federation in accordance with anillustrative embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example federation rule inaccordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a federation server for service domainfederation in accordance with an illustrative embodiment; and

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating operation of a federation serverat runtime in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The illustrative embodiments provide a mechanism for declarative servicedomain federation. The mechanism uses a declarative approach to both thevisibility aspect and the management aspect of service domainfederation. Instead of manually exporting services, that is, selectingindividual services from source domains to be visible in the targetdomain, using the present system, a federation architect uses afederation console to specify federation intent. The federation intentmay include federation rule, query-based service group, andquality-of-service (QoS) policy.

Based on the declared federation intent, a planning engine resolves theindividual services based on the group query, generates the servicevisibility configuration, and creates the necessary service proxiesand/or mediation objects to satisfy the goal. An automated deploymenttool assists the federation architect in deploying the configuration andmediation artifacts into the underlying connectivity middleware torealize the federation intent. At runtime, a service monitor collectsthe performance metrics of federated services and dynamically adjuststhe mediation/proxy configurations to maintain the QoS objectivesspecified by the federation architect.

The declarative nature of this mechanism allows a federation architectto succinctly and precisely express the federation goal withoutresorting to low-level specification. The mechanism saves time andreduces possible errors. Also, the mechanism of the illustrativeembodiments described hereafter enables federation patterns to becreated that can then be reused and applied easily when changes in theunderlying service domains occur.

The illustrative embodiments may be utilized in many different types ofdata processing environments including a distributed data processingenvironment, a single data processing device, or the like. In order toprovide a context for the description of the specific elements andfunctionality of the illustrative embodiments, FIGS. 1-3 are providedhereafter as example environments in which aspects of the illustrativeembodiments may be implemented. It should be appreciated that FIGS. 1-3are only examples and are not intended to assert or imply any limitationwith regard to the environments in which aspects or embodiments of thepresent invention may be implemented. Many modifications to the depictedenvironments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe present invention.

FIG. 1 depicts a pictorial representation of an example distributed dataprocessing system in which aspects of the illustrative embodiments maybe implemented. Distributed data processing system 100 may include anetwork of computers in which aspects of the illustrative embodimentsmay be implemented. The distributed data processing system 100 containsat least one network 102, which is the medium used to providecommunication links between various devices and computers connectedtogether within distributed data processing system 100. The network 102may include connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, orfiber optic cables.

In the depicted example, server 104 and server 106 are connected tonetwork 102 along with storage unit 108. In addition, clients 110, 112,and 114 are also connected to network 102. These clients 110, 112, and114 may be, for example, personal computers, network computers, or thelike. In the depicted example, server 104 provides data, such as bootfiles, operating system images, and applications to the clients 110,112, and 114. Clients 110, 112, and 114 are clients to server 104 in thedepicted example. Distributed data processing system 100 may includeadditional servers, clients, and other devices not shown.

In the depicted example, distributed data processing system 100 is theInternet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection ofnetworks and gateway s that use the Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicatewith one another. At the heart of the Internet is a backbone ofhigh-speed data communication lines between major nodes or hostcomputers, consisting of thousands of commercial, governmental,educational and other computer systems that route data and messages. Ofcourse, the distributed data processing system 100 may also beimplemented to include a number of different types of networks, such asfor example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the like. As stated above, FIG. 1 is intended as anexample, not as an architectural limitation for different embodiments ofthe present invention, and therefore, the particular elements shown inFIG. 1 should not be considered limiting with regard to the environmentsin which the illustrative embodiments of the present invention may beimplemented.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example data processing system in whichaspects of the illustrative embodiments may be implemented. Dataprocessing system 200 is an example of a computer, such as client 110 inFIG. 1, in which computer usable code or instructions implementing theprocesses for illustrative embodiments of the present invention may belocated.

In the depicted example, data processing system 200 employs a hubarchitecture including north bridge and memory controller hub (NB/MCH)202 and south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (SB/ICH) 204.Processing unit 206, main memory 208, and graphics processor 210 areconnected to NB/MCH 202. Graphics processor 210 may be connected toNB/MCH 202 through an accelerated graphics port (AGP).

In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 connectsto SB/ICH 204. Audio adapter 216, keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem222, read only memory (ROM) 224, hard disk drive (HDD) 226, CD-ROM drive230, universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communication ports 232,and PCI/PCIe devices 234 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 238 and bus240. PCI/PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters,add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card buscontroller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flashbasic input/output system (BIOS).

HDD 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 connect to SB/ICH 204 through bus 240. HDD226 and CD-ROM drive 230 may use, for example, an integrated driveelectronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA)interface. Super I/O (SIO) device 236 may be connected to SB/ICH 204.

An operating system runs on processing unit 206. The operating systemcoordinates and provides control of various components within the dataprocessing system 200 in FIG. 2. As a client, the operating system maybe a commercially available operating system such as Microsoft Windows 7(Microsoft and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in theUnited States, other countries, or both). An object-oriented programmingsystem, such as the Java programming system, may run in conjunction withthe operating system and provides calls to the operating system fromJava programs or applications executing on data processing system 200(Java is a trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.).

As a server, data processing system 200 may be, for example, an IBM®eServer™ System p® computer system, running the Advanced InteractiveExecutive (AIX®) operating system or the LINUX operating system (IBM,eServer, System p, and AIX are trademarks of International BusinessMachines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both, andLINUX is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States,other countries, or both). Data processing system 200 may be a symmetricmultiprocessor (SMP) system including a plurality of processors inprocessing unit 206. Alternatively, a single processor system may beemployed.

Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programmingsystem, and applications or programs are located on storage devices,such as HDD 226, and may be loaded into main memory 208 for execution byprocessing unit 206. The processes for illustrative embodiments of thepresent invention may be performed by processing unit 206 using computerusable program code, which may be located in a memory such as, forexample, main memory 208, ROM 224, or in one or more peripheral devices226 and 230, for example.

A bus system, such as bus 238 or bus 240 as shown in FIG. 2, may becomprised of one or more buses. Of course, the bus system may beimplemented using any type of communication fabric or architecture thatprovides for a transfer of data between different components or devicesattached to the fabric or architecture. A communication unit, such asmodem 222 or network adapter 212 of FIG. 2, may include one or moredevices used to transmit and receive data. A memory may be, for example,main memory 208, ROM 224, or a cache such as found in NB/MCH 202 in FIG.2.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a federation of service domain usingservice oriented architecture (SOA) in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. The federation comprises service domains 310, 320, 330.Service domain 310 comprises services 314 that are connected byconnectivity middleware 312. As used herein, a “service” may be aservice provider or a service consumer or a combination of serviceprovider/consumer. To enable greater service reuse and to scale up theSOA scope, federated connectivity 340 connects service domains 310, 320,330. Federated service connectivity 340 effectively connects theseislands of SOA to form an enterprise-spanning SOA.

In one solution, service domain federation focuses on the aspect offederated service visibility, that is, to enable service consumers tointeract with service providers residing in different service domains.In this solution, a federation architect must manually identify servicesfrom a source domain and specify where these services should be madevisible (the target domain) and how (either directly through serviceregistry or indirectly through proxies to enable loose-coupling betweendomains).

The drawback of the above approach is that the federation process ishighly procedural and involves manual operating procedure. The processis generally tedious and error-prone and puts a large burden on thefederation architect to understand all the service domains. Furthermore,this approach handles only the federated visibility aspect, but leavesthe management aspect, for example, quality of service (QoS) adaptation,largely unaddressed.

In accordance with an illustrative embodiment, a mechanism fordeclarative service domain federation uses a declarative approach toboth the visibility aspect and the management aspect of service domainfederation. Instead of manually exporting services, that is, selectingindividual services from source domains to be visible in the targetdomain, using the present system, a federation architect uses afederation console to specify federation intent. The federation intentmay include federation rule, query-based service group, andquality-of-service (QoS) policy.

Based on the declared federation intent, a planning engine resolves theindividual services based on the group query, generates the servicevisibility configuration, and creates the necessary service proxiesand/or mediation objects to satisfy the goal. An automated deploymenttool assists the federation architect in deploying the configuration andmediation artifacts into the underlying connectivity middleware torealize the federation intent. At runtime, a service monitor collectsthe performance metrics of federated services and dynamically adjuststhe mediation/proxy configurations to maintain the QoS objectivesspecified by the federation architect.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware inFIGS. 1-3 may vary depending on the implementation. Other internalhardware or peripheral devices, such as flash memory, equivalentnon-volatile memory, or optical disk drives and the like, may be used inaddition to or in place of the hardware depicted in FIGS. 1-3. Also, theprocesses of the illustrative embodiments may be applied to amultiprocessor data processing system, other than the SMP systemmentioned previously, without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

Moreover, a data processing system may take the form of any of a numberof different data processing systems including client computing devices,server computing devices, a tablet computer, laptop computer, telephoneor other communication device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), orthe like. In some illustrative examples, a data processing system may bea portable computing device which is configured with flash memory toprovide non-volatile memory for storing operating system files and/oruser-generated data, for example. Essentially, a data processing systemmay be any known or later developed data processing system withoutarchitectural limitation.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an overall architecture fordeclarative service domain federation in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. The federation architecture includes federation server 410and a plurality of service domains 440. Federation server 410 includesfederation console 420, group expander 412, and planning engine 414.Each service domain 440 includes service registry 442, connectivitymiddleware 444 (such as an enterprise service bus (ESB)), and one ormore service containers 448.

Federation console 420 may be a Web-based administrative tool used by afederation architect to define federation rules and policies. Federationconsole 420 comprises three main editors, federation rule editor 422,quality-of-service (QoS) policy editor 424, and service group editor426.

The federation architect defines the overall federation rules using thefederation rule editor 422. Federation console 420 stores these rules ina textual or binary data format. In one example embodiment, federationconsole 420 stores the federation rules in a Connectivity FederationDefinition Language (CFDL), which is described in further detail below.

The federation architect uses QoS policy editor 422 to describe thecapability of existing services in the source service domains and therequirement of federated services in the target service domains.Federation console 420 stores the QoS policies in a textual or binaryformat. In one example embodiment, federation console 420 stores the QoSpolicies using a Web services (WS) performance language, a WS-Policyassertion language compatible with the WS-Policy framework, which isdescribed in further detail below.

The federation architect uses service group editor 426 to specify thedefinition of service groups using a query-based structure. Federationconsole 420 stores the queries (group definitions) in a textual orbinary format. In one example embodiment, federation console 420 storesthe group definitions using a Service Group Description Language (SGDL),which is described in further detail below.

The federation rules reference QoS policies and service groupdefinitions to allow for high flexibility and re-usable federationartifacts throughout a service domain federation lifecycle. Planningengine 414 consume federation rules, QoS policy, and service groupdefinitions from federation rule editor 422, QoS policy editor 424, andservice group editor 426, respectively. Planning engine 414 generates afederation plan consisting of visibility configuration and serviceproxies and/or mediation. Planning engine 414 deploys service proxies446 to service domains 440.

In one example embodiment, visibility configuration is realized asentries in service registries 442 in the pertinent service domains 440.Planning engine 414 derives the location and type of serviceproxies/mediations from both QoS requirements and the underlying servicecapabilities. The federation profiles provide the required semanticknowledge to perform the federation task. During the planning phase,planning engine 414 may invoke group expander 412 to dynamically resolvethe service group memberships.

Federation server 410 communicates with service domains 440 through anapplication programming interface (API) or protocol 430. In one exampleembodiment, the API/protocol is extended federation connectivitymanagement (FCM). Through API/protocol 430 and using group expander 412,planning engine 414 queries service registries 442 of service domains440 for service group memberships, and planning engine 414 deploysservice proxies 446 to middleware 444. Monitoring engine 450 monitorscontainers 448 and populates service registry 442 with QoS capabilities.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating operation of a planning enginefor performing service domain federation in accordance with anillustrative embodiment. Planning engine 514 performs service domainfederation for domain A 520 and domain B 530. More particularly, domainA 520 includes registry 522 and a client 524 that may consume service S₁534 in domain B 530. Domain B 530 includes registry 532 and service S₁534. Domain B 530 also includes service definition and capabilities forservice S₁ 540.

In step 1, planning engine 514 receives federation policies 510 and CFDLrules and QoS requirements 512. The CFDL rules and QoS requirements 512may reference one or more of the federation policies 510. In step 2,planning engine 514 receives S₁ service definition and capabilities 540.Planning engine 514 generates a federation plan in step 3. Then, in step4, planning engine 514 deploys service proxy 526 to domain A 520 anddeploys service proxy 536 to domain B 530. Client 524 then may accessservice S₁ 534 through service proxy 526 in domain A 520 and serviceproxy 536 in domain B 530.

The connectivity federation description language (CFDL) is an exampleembodiment of the federation rule language, CFDL allows a federationarchitect to define federation patterns in a concise, abstract, andreusable form. Each rule has a simple structure comprising the followingelements: verb, subject, object, and adverb. The verb is an action, forexample “add” or “remove.” The subject specifies a set of services usingthe service group construct. The object specifies a set of servicedomains. The adverb, or QoS policy, specifies how the federation shouldbe carried out. The planning engine of the federation server executesthese rules on a set of service domains to federate a potentially largenumber of services.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example federation in accordancewith an illustrative embodiment. Federation 610 includes federation rule620. In the depicted example, federation rule 620 includes verb 622,subject 624, object 626, and ad verb 628. Verb 622 specifies an actionof “federate.” Subject 624 specifies a set of services: S₁, S₂, S₃.Object 626 specifies a set of domains: D_(B), D_(C), D_(D). Adverb 628specifies a set of QoS policies: P₁, P₂, P₃.

The Web services performance language is a Web services policy framework(WS-Policy) compatible assertion language that enables formalspecification of performance-related Quality-of-Service (QoS)capabilities and requirements. For example, the WS-Performance languagemay allow the federation architect to specify latency, throughput, andavailability requirements. When used to describe QoS capabilities,WS-Performance language specifies the latest service performancemeasurements. The performance measurements may be retrieved from theservice registries, which are populated by a runtime service monitoringengine. When used to describe QoS requirements, WS-Performance languagespecifies a set of service level assurance and/or optimizationobjectives. Each objective may be specified over a complex performanceindicator, which is a function of one of multiple primitive measurementmetrics. Each measurement metric is associated with an attribute in theservice metadata in the service registry.

Service group description language (SGDL) defines service groups forservice domain federation. A service group is a collection of serviceendpoints defined by a) explicit enumeration, b) a query against a setof service properties, including syntactic, semantic, andquality-of-service attributes, or c) union or intersection of otherservice groups. Definition of service groups simplifies the federationservice domain management by enabling operations at group level. Theseinclude, but are not limited to, importing services from foreigndomains, exporting services to foreign domains, and specifying QoSrequirements.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the present inventionmay be embodied as a system, method, or computer program product.Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of anentirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (includingfirmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodimentcombining software and hardware aspects that may all generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore,aspects of the present invention may take the form of a computer programproduct embodied in any one or more computer readable medium(s) havingcomputer usable program code embodied thereon.

Any combination of one or more computer readable medium(s) may beutilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signalmedium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readablestorage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic,magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system,apparatus, device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Morespecific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readablestorage medium would include the following: an electrical connectionhaving one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, arandom access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber,a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), an optical storagedevice, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storagemedium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a programfor use by or in connection with an instruction execution system,apparatus, or device.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signalwith computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in abaseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may takeany of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to,electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. Acomputer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium thatis not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate,propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with aninstruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Computer code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmittedusing any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless,wireline, optical fiber cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or anysuitable combination thereof.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of thepresent invention may be written in any combination of one or moreprogramming languages. Including an object oriented programming languagesuch as Java™, Smalltalk™, C++, or the like, and conventional proceduralprogramming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similarprogramming languages. The program code may execute entirely on theuser's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alonesoftware package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remotecomputer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latterscenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computerthrough any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or awide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an externalcomputer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet ServiceProvider).

Aspects of the present invention are described below with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems) and computer program products according to the illustrativeembodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block ofthe flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations ofblocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can beimplemented by computer program instructions. These computer programinstructions may be pro vided to a processor of a general purposecomputer, special purpose computer, or other programmable dataprocessing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions,which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmabledata processing apparatus, create means for implementing thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computerreadable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable dataprocessing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particularmanner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readablemedium produce an article of manufacture including instructions thatimplement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer,other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to causea series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus, or other devices to produce a computerimplemented process such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer or other programmable apparatus provide processes forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a federation server for service domainfederation in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Operationbegins, and a planning engine of the federation server receivesfederation rules, QoS policy and service groups (block 702). Then, theplanning engine resolves individual services based on a group query(block 704). The planning engine generates a service visibilityconfiguration (block 706) and creates service proxies (block 708).Thereafter, the federation server deploys the visibility configurationand the service proxies (block 710), and operation ends.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating operation of a federation senderat runtime in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Operationbegins, and the federation server collects performance metrics (block802) and adjusts proxy configurations to maintain QoS objectives (block804). Thereafter, operation returns to block 802. The federation servercollects performance metrics and adjusts proxy configurations, repeatingperiodically.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms for declarativeservice domain federation. The mechanisms use a declarative approach toboth the visibility aspect and the management aspect of service domainfederation. Instead of manually exporting services, that is, selectingindividual services from source domains to be visible in the targetdomain, using the present system, a federation architect uses afederation console to specify federation intent. The federation intentmay include federation rule, query-based service group, andquality-of-service (QoS) policy.

Based on the declared federation intent, a planning engine resolves theindividual services based on the group query, generates the servicevisibility configuration, and creates the necessary service proxiesand/or mediation objects to satisfy the goal. An automated deploymenttool assists the federation architect in deploying the configuration andmediation artifacts into the underlying connectivity middleware torealize the federation intent. At runtime, a service monitor collectsthe performance metrics of federated services and dynamically adjuststhe mediation/proxy configurations to maintain the QoS objectivesspecified by the federation architect.

The declarative nature of the mechanisms of the illustrative embodimentsallows a federation architect to succinctly and precisely express thefederation goal without resorting to low-level specification. Themechanisms save time and reduce possible errors. Also, the mechanisms ofthe illustrative embodiments described hereafter enable federationpatterns to be created that can then be reused and applied easily whenchanges in the underlying service domains occur.

As noted above, it should be appreciated that the illustrativeembodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, anentirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardwareand software elements. In one example embodiment, the mechanisms of theillustrative embodiments are implemented in software or program code,which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software,microcode, etc.

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system eitherdirectly or through intervening I/O controllers. Network adapters mayalso be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system tobecome coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers orstorage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems,cable modems and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currentlyavailable types of network adapters.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposesof illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention, the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, in a distributed service-oriented dataprocessing system, for declarative service domain federation, the methodcomprising: receiving, in a planning engine executing on a processor ofa federation server within the service-oriented data processing system,a federation intent declaration comprising a federation rule, aquality-of-service policy, and a service group definition, wherein thefederation rule specifies a verb, a subject, an object, and an adverb,wherein the verb specifies an action, wherein the subject specifies aset of services, wherein the object specifies a set of service domains,and wherein the adverb specifies how the federation is to be carriedout; automatically identifying, by the planning engine, a set ofservices based on the service group definition; automaticallygenerating, by the planning engine, a service visibility configurationand one or more service proxies based on the federation rule and thequality-of-service policy, wherein the visibility configuration enablesservice consumers to interact with service providers residing indifferent service domains and wherein the one or more service proxiesenable a service consumer in a first service domain within a pluralityof service domains to access a service in a second service domain withinthe plurality of service domains; automatically deploying, by theplanning engine, the visibility configuration to the plurality ofservice domains comprising the identified set of services; automaticallydeploying, by the planning engine, the one or more service proxies toexecute within connectivity middleware executing on at least oneprocessor of the plurality of service domains within theservice-oriented data processing system; collecting, by a servicemonitor, performance metrics of federated services at runtime; anddynamically adjusting the one or more service proxies to maintainquality-of-service objectives specified in the quality-of-servicepolicy.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the set ofservices comprises: querying service registries of the plurality ofdomains based on the service group definition.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the service group definition is stored in a service groupdefinition language.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the service groupdefinition specifies a service group by at least one of explicitenumeration, a query against a set of service properties, or a union orintersection of a plurality of other service groups.
 5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the set of service properties includes at least one ofsyntactic properties, semantic properties, or quality-of-serviceattributes.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein deploying the visibilityconfiguration comprises generating entries in service registries of theplurality of service domains based on the service group definition. 7.The method of claim 1, wherein the federation rule is stored in aconnectivity federation description language.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein the quality-of-service policy is stored in a Web servicesperformance language that is compatible with an existing Web servicespolicy framework.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein thequality-of-service policy describes quality-of-services capabilities byspecifying service performance measurements collected by a runtimeservice monitoring engine and populated in a service registry of atleast one service domain.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein thequality-of-service policy describes quality-of-service requirements thatspecify a set of service level assurance or optimization objectives. 11.A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium having a computer readable program stored therein,wherein the computer readable program, when executed on a processor of afederation server within a service-oriented data processing system,causes the federation server to: receive, in a planning engine executingon the processor of the federation server within a service-oriented dataprocessing system, a federation intent declaration comprising afederation rule, a quality-of-service policy, and a service groupdefinition, wherein the federation rule specifies a verb, a subject, anobject, and an adverb, wherein the verb specifies an action, wherein thesubject specifies a set of services, wherein the object specifies a setof service domains, and wherein the adverb specifies how the federationis to be carried out; automatically identify, by the planning engine, aset of services based on the service group definition; automaticallygenerate, by the planning engine, a service visibility configuration andone or more service proxies based on the federation rule and thequality-of-service policy, wherein the visibility configuration enablesservice consumers to interact with service providers residing indifferent service domains and wherein the one or more service proxiesenable a service consumer in a first service domain within a pluralityof service domains to access a service in a second service domain withinthe plurality of service domains; automatically deploy, by the planningengine, the visibility configuration to the plurality of service domainscomprising the identified set of services; automatically deploy, by theplanning engine, the one or more service proxies to execute withinconnectivity middleware executing on at least one processor of theplurality of service domains within the service-oriented data processingsystem; collect, by a service monitor, performance metrics of federatedservices at runtime; and dynamically adjust the one or more serviceproxies to maintain quality-of-service objectives specified in thequality-of-service policy.
 12. The computer program product of claim 11,wherein the service group definition specifies a service group by atleast one of explicit enumeration, a query against a set of serviceproperties, or a union or intersection of a plurality of other servicegroups.
 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein thequality-of-service policy describes quality-of-services capabilities byspecifying service performance measurements collected by a runtimeservice monitoring engine and populated in a service registry of atleast one service domain.
 14. The computer program product of claim 11,wherein the quality-of-service policy describes quality-of-servicerequirements that specify a set of service level assurance oroptimization objectives.
 15. A federation server within aservice-oriented data processing system, comprising: a processor; and amemory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises a planningengine comprising instructions which, when executed by the processor,cause the processor to: receive, in a planning engine executing on theprocessor of the federation server within a service-oriented dataprocessing system, a federation intent declaration comprising afederation rule, a quality-of-service policy, and a service groupdefinition, wherein the federation rule specifies a verb, a subject, anobject, and an adverb, wherein the verb specifies an action, wherein thesubject specifies a set of services, wherein the object specifies a setof service domains, and wherein the adverb specifies how the federationis to be carried out; automatically identify, by the planning engine, aset of services based on the service group definition; automaticallygenerate, by the planning engine, a service visibility configuration andone or more service proxies based on the federation rule and thequality-of-service policy, wherein the visibility configuration enablesservice consumers to interact with service providers residing indifferent service domains and wherein the one or more service proxiesenable a service consumer in a first service domain within a pluralityof service domains to access a service in a second service domain withinthe plurality of service domains; automatically deploy, by the planningengine, the visibility configuration to the plurality of service domainscomprising the identified set of services; automatically deploy, by theplanning engine, the one or more service proxies to execute withinconnectivity middleware executing on at least one processor of theplurality of service domains within the service-oriented data processingsystem; collect, by a service monitor, performance metrics of federatedservices at runtime; and dynamically adjust the one or more serviceproxies to maintain quality-of-service objectives specified in thequality-of-service policy.
 16. The federation server of claim 15,wherein the service group definition specifies a service group by atleast one of explicit enumeration, a query against a set of serviceproperties, or a union or intersection of a plurality of other servicegroups.
 17. The federation server of claim 15, wherein thequality-of-service policy describes quality-of-services capabilities byspecifying service performance measurements collected by a runtimeservice monitoring engine and populated in a service registry of atleast one service domain.
 18. The federation server of claim 15, whereinthe quality-of-service policy describes quality-of-service requirementsthat specify a set of service level assurance or optimizationobjectives.
 19. The computer program product of claim 11, whereinidentifying the set of services comprises: querying service registriesof the plurality of domains based on the service group definition. 20.The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the service groupdefinition is stored in a service group description language, whereinthe federation rule is stored in a connectivity federation descriptionlanguage, and wherein the quality-of-service policy is stored in a Webservices performance language that is compatible with an existing Webservices policy framework.
 21. The federation server of claim 15,wherein identifying the set of services comprises: querying serviceregistries of the plurality of domains based on the service groupdefinition.
 22. The federation server of claim 15, wherein the servicegroup definition is stored in a service group description language,wherein the federation rule is stored in a connectivity federationdescription language, and wherein the quality-of-service policy isstored in a Web services performance language that is compatible with anexisting Web services policy framework.